Justice Dept Sues TX Over Redistricting12/07 06:05

   The Justice Department sued Texas on Monday over its new redistricting maps, 
saying the plans discriminate against minority voters, particularly Latinos, 
who have fueled the state's population boom.

   AUSTIN, Texas (AP) -- The Justice Department sued Texas on Monday over its 
new redistricting maps, saying the plans discriminate against minority voters, 
particularly Latinos, who have fueled the state's population boom.

   The lawsuit claims the Republican-controlled state violated part of the 
Voting Rights Act in drawing new district boundaries for its congressional 
delegation and state legislature. It's the Biden Justice Department's first 
legal action challenging a state's maps since states began redrawing their maps 
this year to account for population changes.

   The lawsuit notes that most of Texas' population growth over the past decade 
came from Black, Latino and Asian people, but alleges that the new maps scatter 
these voters across districts, diluting their votes and denying them 
opportunities to choose their representatives. It also argues the maps pack 
Black and Latino communities into bizarre-shaped districts -- a Dallas-area one 
is described as "seahorse" shaped -- while preserving seats for white 
Republicans.

   "This is not the first time that Texas has acted to minimize the voting 
rights of its minority citizens," Associate Attorney General Vanita Gupta said 
during a news conference with Attorney General Merrick Garland. "Decade after 
decade, courts have found that Texas has enacted redistricting plans that 
deliberately dilute the voting strength of Latino and Black voters and that 
violate the Voting Rights Act."

   The litigation comes as Republicans and Democrats jockey for an edge in the 
once-a-decade redistricting process, which has already reached new levels of 
gerrymandering. The lawsuit also plays out during a changed legal landscape for 
redistricting challenges. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 2019 that it won't 
referee partisan gerrymandering disputes -- maps drawn to benefit a political 
party.

   A spokeswoman for Texas Gov. Greg Abbott, a Republican, condemned the 
lawsuit.

   "It's no surprise that Democrats in Washington are attacking our state's 
redistricting plans," Renae Eze said. "We are confident that Texas' 
redistricting plans will be upheld by the courts, and our office continues 
working with the Office of the Attorney General to ensure Texans are 
represented fairly."

   Monday's lawsuit, filed in the Western District of Texas, cites several 
congressional districts in which Republicans drew tortured lines to lower the 
share of Black and Latino voters in their party's congressional districts.

   In west Texas' competitive 23rd District, the map trimmed out areas near El 
Paso and San Antonio to lower the share of Latino voting-age residents by 9%. 
In the Dallas area, it pulled Black and Latino residents in the northwest 
suburbs out of the district of Republican Rep. Beth Van Duyne, who narrowly 
defeated Candace Valenzuela, a Democratic Black Latina candidate last year. In 
the Houston area, where the share of the white population is dwindling, the map 
kept six of 10 House districts as white-majority or plurality districts.

   Texas has had to defend its maps in court after every redistricting process 
since the Voting Rights Act took effect in 1965. But this will be the first 
time since a 2013 U.S. Supreme Court ruling gutted a provision of the Voting 
Rights Act that had required Texas and other states with a history of racial 
discrimination to have the Justice Department approve the maps before they went 
into effect.

   The case is the second civil rights lawsuit the Biden administration has 
filed against Texas recently. Last month, it sued to overturn the state's new 
voting law, part of a wave of GOP-backed voting changes, claiming the new 
restrictions would disenfranchise citizens in the state.

   The lawsuit, and others that civil rights groups and Democrats have 
previously filed challenging Texas' maps, may not change things before next 
year's election. Redistricting litigation can take several years and the Biden 
administration case will be heard in the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals, one of 
the most conservative in the country.

   It remains illegal for mapmakers to discriminate on the basis of race while 
drawing legislative lines. Additionally, Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act 
prohibits line-drawers from diluting the voting power of minorities by 
scattering them among districts and preventing them from choosing their 
preferred candidates.

   "The Legislature refused to recognize the state's growing minority 
electorate," the lawsuit alleges. "Although the Texas congressional delegation 
expanded from 36 to 38 seats, Texas designed the two new seats to have Anglo 
voting majorities."

   The lawsuit notes that Texas' congressional map was drawn with heavy input 
from its Republican congressional delegation, which is all white except for one 
Latino representative. Statehouse Democrats at the time objected strongly to 
the process and the results.

   Although the federal lawsuit alleges Black voters are also treated 
improperly by the map, the bulk of the case centers around the map's treatment 
of Latinos.

   The focus on Latinos could complicate the case. To prove that Latinos were 
denied their choice, the government has to prove that they vote as a bloc, and 
not in line with the majority of the voters in the district. While most Latinos 
in Texas vote Democratic, many have shifted to Republicans recently, with 
President Donald Trump gaining ground in 2020.

   "That does complicate the narrative," said Josh Blackman, a law professor at 
the South Texas College of Law in Houston, noting that the Voting Rights Act 
claim depends on the group voting as a bloc.

   Michael Li, senior counsel at the Brennan Center for Justice in New York, 
said the legal analysis should consider Latino voting patterns over several 
elections, not just in 2020. He said he expects Republicans to argue they are 
only being partisan, now that the Supreme Court has appeared to greenlight that 
behavior in redistricting.

   "Texas drew a really aggressive map this decade," Li said. "One of the most 
aggressive maps we have seen so far this cycle and one that heavily targets 
communities of color."

   Former Rep. Beto O'Rourke, a Democrat who is challenging Gov. Abbott next 
year, tweeted, "Texas leaders would rather gerrymander election maps and hand 
pick their own voters than earn their place in power by listening and 
responding to the needs of Texans."